Depression is a serious condition that impacts a lot of people. It comes in many shapes and forms. Almost 10% of Americans suffer from depression.
Anybody you know could be living with depression. That’s why you need to be aware of different types of depression.
Read on. This guide will help you identify the different types of depression.
Major Depressive Disorder
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) manifests through persistent sadness and lack of motivation. MDD affects how an individual feels or behaves.
It appears in children, adolescents, and adults. It is more common in women than in men.
Symptoms include an inability to concentrate and changes in sleep and appetite. Individuals may also feel persistent guilt or worthlessness and thoughts of death. Depression also causes problems with relationships.
The treatment for MDD includes antidepressant medication, psychotherapy, and lifestyle changes. In some cases, individuals may undergo complementary and alternative therapies.
Antidepressants restore the balance of chemicals in the brain. Psychotherapy helps individuals to understand better and manage their thoughts and behavior.
Lifestyle changes can also help to reduce symptoms. This can be as simple as regular exercise, a healthy diet, and avoiding harmful activities. Complementary and alternative therapies include herbal remedies and acupuncture.
Persistent Depressive Disorder
Persistent depressive disorder (PDD) is a form of depression that lasts at least two years. It is also known as dysthymia or chronic depression.
Some signs of PDD can include feelings of hopelessness, sadness, and low self-esteem. They often lack energy and become self-critical.
Treatment for PDD includes a combination of medication and counseling/therapy. Individuals can also use antidepressant medications, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs).
CBT helps individuals learn to recognize and challenge negative thought patterns. Art, music, writing, and physical exercise can also help. Other recommended treatments include psychodynamic and interpersonal psychotherapy.
Seasonal Affective Disorder
Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) is a type of depression related to seasonal changes. It starts in the late fall and continues into winter. It can also occur during the summer.
It affects the mental health in college students and other seasonal workers. It is usually characterized by feeling low, lacking energy, and having difficulty sleeping. SAD can affect people of all ages, although it is common among young adults and women.
The treatment for SAD is light therapy, psychotherapy, and medication. A person sits in front of a specialized light box during light therapy. The individual might receive a much brighter light than usual to synch their rhythm.
Some people may find psychotherapy to be helpful, especially cognitive behavioral therapy. Doctors may also prescribe antidepressants.
Bipolar Depression
Bipolar depression is depression characterized by episodes of mania and depression. Mania is a state of increased energy, exaggerated optimism, and euphoria. Extreme sadness, apathy, and feelings of guilt and hopelessness characterize depression.
During manic episodes, individuals may have racing thoughts and jabber. They may have an overabundance of energy and enthusiasm. They tend to engage in risky activities.
During depressive episodes, an individual may have a decreased appetite and libido. They may become withdrawn and feel guilt and hopelessness. In severe cases, they may even have suicidal ideation.
Bipolar depression can disrupt one’s relationships and career. It can influence one’s quality of life. The treatments for bipolar depression vary depending on the person’s condition.
The most prescribed treatments are psychiatric medications such as mood stabilizers. Psychotherapy or counseling can help the patient learn how to manage their condition. This helps them cope with depression, stressful events, and life changes.
CBT is also often used to address underlying issues and symptoms of this disorder. For those with severe cases of bipolar depression, ECT is sometimes recommended.
Postpartum Depression
Postpartum depression is a type of depression that occurs after childbirth. It can affect mothers who have given birth.
Its symptoms usually include sadness, irritability, anger, guilt, and hopelessness. Individuals may also feel fatigued and have difficulty bonding with their babies. Symptoms may vary in severity and last several months to a year or more.
The treatment for postpartum depression is psychological, but medication can also be helpful. This includes psychotherapy, support groups, online resources, and lifestyle and dietary changes.
Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is often used to treat depression. It helps to provide support, coping skills, and education. Other treatments may include light therapy, relaxation therapy, and herbal remedies.
Psychotic Disorder
Distorted perspectives on reality characterize the psychotic disorder. These abnormal experiences often include hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized thinking.
Symptoms also interfere with the person’s ability to function and maintain relationships. They may be at an increased risk of suicide or homicidal behavior if left untreated.
Treatment for psychotic disorders can include antipsychotic medications. Some individuals need to undergo psychosocial therapies.
Antipsychotic medications reduce symptoms but have many side effects that need monitoring. Psychosocial treatments can include cognitive-behavioral therapy and family therapy.
In some cases, hospitalization may be necessary. This is to ensure that people get the proper care and treatment. Through this, they will also be under care 24/7.
Understanding Different Types of Depression Is Important
Depression is a complex mental health disorder with different causes and severities. There are different types of depression that people you love might be going through. So you must understand the signs of depression to help them in their darkest moments.
If you believe you or someone you know may be struggling with depression, contact a doctor. Don’t delay treatment. The journey to health and wellness should be a number one priority.
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